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\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u78c1\u5b66\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d300\u5e74\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u5929\u7136\u78c1\u77f3\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6307\u5357\u9488\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f88\u65e9\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u5229\u7528\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u78c1\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u5c06\u5bf9\u4e8e\u78c1\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u78c1\u5b66\u5f97\u4ee5\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

1820\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Hans Christian \u00d8rsted\u901a\u8fc7\u8457\u540d\u7684\u00d8rsted\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u78c1\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u4e0e\u78c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Andr\u00e9-Marie Amp\u00e8re\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u901a\u7535\u7ebf\u5708\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u78c1\u573a\u53ca\u901a\u7535\u7ebf\u5708\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

1824\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08William Sturgeon\u7814\u5236\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

1831\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Michael Faraday\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u611f\u5e94\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7535\u4e0e\u78c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u7535\u78c1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6James Clerk Maxwell\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684Maxwell\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u78c1\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u78c1\u4f53-1.\"<\/p>\n

\u78c1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u78c1\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/p>\n

1845\u5e74\uff0cMichael Faraday\u6839\u636e\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c06\u7269\u8d28\u78c1\u6027\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u3001\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u53ca\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

1898\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Pierre Curie\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u548c\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c45\u91cc\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Paul Langevin\u5229\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0cL\u00e9on Brillouin\u5728Langevin\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u78c1\u573a\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u534a\u7ecf\u5178\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

1907\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Pierre-Ernest Weiss\u5728Langevin\u548cBrillouin\u78c1\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u573a\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u78c1\u7574\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u573a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u78c1\u7574\u201d\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u94c1\u78c1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u94c1\u78c1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5373\u89e3\u91ca\u5206\u5b50\u573a\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u78c1\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u94c1\u78c1\u4f53\u5728\u5916\u78c1\u573a\u4e2d\u78c1\u7574\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6280\u672f\u78c1\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

1928\u5e74\uff0cWerner Karl Heisenberg\u4ece\u4ea4\u6362\u80fd\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\u4f5c\u7528\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u573a\u201d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

1936\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Lev Davidovich Landau\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u78c1\u5b66\u5de8\u8457\u300a\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u548c\u94c1\u78c1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Louis N\u00e9el\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53cd\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u548c\u4e9a\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7ec6\u5316\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u78c1\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u78c1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u5982RKKY\u4f5c\u7528\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5de1\u6e38\u7535\u5b50\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u78c1\u4f53-2\"<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u94c1\u78c1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u6307\u5bfc\u6c38\u78c1\u6750\u6599\u7814\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6108\u53d1\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n

1917\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u672c\u591a\u5149\u592a\u90ce\u53d1\u660e\u4e86KS\u94a2\u3002<\/p>\n

1931\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u51b6\u91d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e09\u5c9b\u5fb7\u4e03\u53d1\u660e\u4e86MK\u94a2\uff0c\u800cMK\u94a2\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6c38\u78c1\u6750\u6599\u94dd\u954d\u94b4\u78c1\u4f53<\/a><\/span>\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002<\/p>\n

1933\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u4eac\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u52a0\u85e4\u4e0e\u4e94\u90ce\u548c\u6b66\u4e95\u6b66\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u94c1\u6c27\u4f53<\/a><\/span>\u3002\u94c1\u6c27\u4f53\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6c38\u78c1\u4f53\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5360\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u989d\u3002<\/p>\n

1967\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Karl J. Strnat\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u7a00\u571f\u6c38\u78c1\u4f53SmCo5<\/sub>\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u662f\u94dd\u954d\u94b4\u78c1\u4f53<\/a><\/span>\u7684\u6570\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n

1977\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u65e5\u672cTDK\u516c\u53f8\u7684Teruhiko Ojima\u5728Sm2<\/sub>Co17<\/sub>\u6c38\u78c1\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u7a00\u571f\u6c38\u78c1\u4f53\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

1983\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f50\u5ddd\u771f\u4eba<\/a><\/span>\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6John Croat\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u70e7\u7ed3\u9495\u94c1\u787c\u78c1\u4f53<\/a><\/span>\u548c\u9495\u94c1\u787c\u5feb\u6dec\u78c1\u7c89<\/span><\/a>\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u7a00\u571f\u6c38\u78c1\u4f53\uff0c\u9495\u94c1\u787c\u78c1\u4f53\u6781\u5927\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

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